Safeguarding Earth’s biodiversity and resources is an essential and urgent mission. In a newly published article in New Space, researchers consider the potential benefits, challenges, and solutions of a lunar biorepository to hold cryopreserved samples of critical Earth species, and how astrobiology plays a central role in the effort to preserve Earth’s resources. This paper builds on earlier work published in Bioscience. Authors of “Expanding Astrobiology: The Case for a Lunar Biorepository” include lead author Mary Hagedorn, PhD, Senior Research Scientist at the Smithsonian Institution; Consortium chair Susan M. Wolf, JD; and John C. Bischof, PhD, Director of the NSF Engineering Research Center for Advanced Technologies for the Preservation of Biological Systems (ATP-Bio). ATP-Bio is a Consortium member center.