In a step toward greater transparency, the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has announced that, going forward, researchers funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) must report the design and results of all clinical trials, whether successful or not. An article in Nature describes the new rules, which are designed to reduce the number of clinical trials that aren't reported; a 2013 study found that approximately half the time, trial results aren't published if they have unfavorable results. The article notes, "Under the new rule, trials must be registered on ClinicalTrials.gov within 21 days of enrolling their first patient — researchers can no longer wait for the results of their trails to report their data." For the first time, those who don't adhere to the guidelines can be penalized by having their funding withdrawn. Bioethicist Jennifer Miller of New York University’s Langone Medical Center praises the change, noting "You need a clear law so you can have clear compliance."